Hydrocodone is the most frequently prescribed opioid in the
United States and is associated with more drug abuse and
diversion than any other licit or illicit opioid. It is an orally active
agent most frequently prescribed for the treatment of moderate to
moderately severe pain. It’s analgesic potency is similar to
morphine. Hydrocodone is also an antitussive (cough
suppressant) agent with an efficacy similar to that of codeine.
There are numerous brand and generic hydrocodone products
marketed in the United States. All are combination products. The
most frequently prescribed combination is hydrocodone and acetaminophen (for example, Vicodin®, Lorcet®, and
Lortab®). Other examples of combination products include those containing aspirin (Lortab ASA®), ibuprofen
(Vicoprofen®) and antihistamines (Hycomine®).
- Commonly names:
Hydro, Norco, Vikes
- Looks like:
Hydrocodone has a chemical structure that is related to that of codeine and morphine. Hydrocodone combination
products are formulated in tablets, capsules, and syrups.
Methods of abuse
Most often these drugs are abused by oral rather than intravenous administration.
Affect on mind
Hydrocodone, like most other opioids, induces euphoria, sedation and alters the perception of painful stimuli.
- Affect on body:
Hydrocodone can cause drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, constipation, urinary retention and in higher amounts,
depressed respiration. Long term use can lead to dependence and addiction. Withdrawal symptoms include
restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, and vomiting.
Drugs causing similar effects
Morphine, heroin, oxycodone, codeine, propoxyphene, fentanyl, and hydromorphone.
- Overdose effects:
Like other opioids, hydrocodone overdose is associated with cold and clammy skin, severely constricted pupils, and
slow breathing that can lead to a loss of consciousness and death. Large doses of hydrocodone in combination with
acetaminophen may cause severe liver damage.
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